MANGA'S HISTORY

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Story manga (Japanese: ストーリー漫画) is the dominant form of comic in Japan whose theme are overtly dramatic (akin to film, hence the name "story" manga) which utilise time synchronized sequence, size and layout of strips in a double-page spread with viewing speed of the reader to simulate dynamism, similar to cinema storyboards. The time-control technique of Story Manga means that frames are set out chronologically, linked by motion lines oronomatopoeia with little or no narrative text. It is generally accepted that Osamu Tezuka founded/pioneered story manga after WWII, while recent research suggest that technique of cinematic presentation has been used much earlier than WWII. In contrast, the comics prevalent in America are characterized by more densely drawn color illustration accompanied by a larger amount of text.

 Because Japanese language is written from top to down, right to left, frames can be viewed more easily if they zig zagged from top to down and right to left. This arrangement allowed the reader to view rather than read the page. Also to compensate for the increase viewing speed between frames, Tezuka, who is credited as the founder of story manga, conveyed information more through picture rather than through text. For this purpose, he eliminated narrative text almost entirely by introducing more sequences of strips to convey the shift in events or by using side characters' dialogue to indicate the story. To maximize information through pictures, he utilized many symbols and onomatopoeia, for example, in Japanese manga, "#" symbol on someone's forehead (frown) means that person is cross. As this technique massively increased the number of strips needed to convey each scene of story, caricatured line drawing similar to Disney cartoon became widely popular among Japanese comics.  

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